In this context, many approaches and ideas have been developed and followed up, for instance, bottom-up approach, PRA-Participatory Rural Appraisal, RRA-Rapid Rural Appraisal etc.
2.
In 1983, Robert Chambers, a Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies ( UK ), used the term " Rapid Rural Appraisal " to describe techniques that could bring about a'reversal of learning '.
3.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, the modernists at the World Bank and IMF adopted the neoliberal ideas of economists such as Milton Friedman or Bela Balassa, which were implemented in the form of structural adjustment programs, while their opponents were promoting various'bottom up'approaches, ranging from civil disobedience and conscientization to appropriate technology and Rapid Rural Appraisal.
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